ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the enamel mass variation after a prolonged bleaching treatment using a calcium-containing 4% hydrogen peroxide gel Twenty sound bovine incisors were randomly assigned to two groups (n=10) stored in G1) distilled water and G2) artificial saliva. An electronic analytic scale (.000 grams measurements) was used to determine the enamel mass variation before and after the bleaching procedures at the following evaluation times: T0) before the bleaching procedures; T1) 14 days of treatment, as instructed by the manufacturer; T2) 21 days of treatment, 50 % beyond what is instructed by the manufacturer; and T3) 28 days of treatment, 100 % beyond what is instructed by the manufacturer. The highest mean was observed at T2/G2 (0.3259 g) and the lowest at T2/G1 (0.3265 g). The specimens stored in distilled water (G1) showed 6 % mass reduction when T0 (0.3277 g) was compared to T3 (0.3277 g). On the other hand, the specimens stored in artificial saliva exhibited a significant mass increase of 19 % when T0 (0.3521 g) was compared to T3 (0.3528 g). Prolonged bleaching therapy using 4 % hydrogen peroxide with calcium resulted in a massive reduction when water was used as a storage medium. When the specimens were stored in artificial saliva, an increase in mass was observed, probably due to the mineralizing properties of the artificial saliva.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la variación de la masa del esmalte después de un tratamiento de blanqueamiento prolongado utilizando calcio conteniendo un gel de peróxido de hidrógeno al 4 %. Veinte incisivos bovinos intactos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos (n-10) almacenados en G1 - agua destilada y G2- saliva artificial. Se utilizó una escala analítica electrónica (.000 gramos) para determinar la variación de la masa de esmalte antes y después de los procedimientos de blanqueamiento en los siguientes tiempos de evaluación: T0) antes de los procedimientos blanqueadores; T1) 14 días de tratamiento, según las instrucciones del fabricante; T2) 21 días de tratamiento, 50 % más allá del tiempo indicado por el fabricante; y T3) 28 días de tratamiento, 100 % más allá del tiempo indicado por el fabricante. La media más alta se observó en T2/G2 (0,3259 g) y la más baja en T2/G1 (0,3265 g). Los especímenes almacenados en agua destilada (G1) mostraron una reducción de masa del 6 % cuando se comparó T0 (0,3277 g) con T3 (0,3277 g). Por otro lado, los dientes almacenados en saliva artificial mostraron un aumento significativo de masa del 19 % cuando se comparó T0 (0,3521 g) con T3 (0,3528 g). La terapia de blanqueamiemto prolongado con calcio conteniendo un gel de peróxido de hidrógeno al 4 % condujo a una reducción masiva cuando se utilizó agua como medio de almacenamiento, mientras que los dientes almacenados en saliva artificial mostraron un aumento en la masa, probablemente debido a las propiedades remineralizadoras de la saliva artificial.

RESUMO A apendicite aguda (AA) é causa frequente de abdome agudo cirúrgico. Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, devido às incertezas na evolução da doença, sociedades consideraram outras opções terapêuticas. Nosso objetivo é descrever o tratamento da AA por membros do CBC e SBAIT neste período. O questionário foi enviado em 2020. Houve 382 respostas. A maioria dos profissionais tinha mais de 15 anos de profissão (68,3%) e atendia mais de cinco casos por mês (44,8%). Cerca de 72,5% realizariam TC de tórax para investigação de COVID-19 em pacientes com AA. Nos com AA não complicada, sem COVID-19, 60,2% optariam pela apendicectomia videolaparoscópica (AVL), seguido de apendicectomia aberta (AAB) (31,7%) e tratamento não operatório (TNO) (1,3%). Nos com COVID-19 leve, AAB foi proposta por 51,0%, seguido da AVL (29,6%) e TNO (6,0%). Nos com COVID-19 grave, a AAB foi proposta por 35,3%, seguido de TNO (19,9%) e AVL (18,6%). Nos com AA complicadas com abscesso, sem COVID-19, AVL foi sugerida por 54,2%, seguida da AAB (33,2%) e TNO (4,4%). Nos com COVID-19 leve, a AAB foi proposta em 49,5%, seguidos da AVL (29,3%) e TNO (8,9%). Nos com COVID-19 grave, a AAB foi proposta em 36,6%, seguido de TNO (25,1%) e AVL (17,3%). Estas são opções de cirurgiões de duas sociedades cirúrgicas reconhecidas e podem auxiliar o colega que está na linha de frente a definir a melhor conduta individualmente.

ABSTRACT Acute appendicitis (AA) is a frequent cause of abdominal pain requiring surgical treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical societies considered other therapeutic options due to uncertainties in the evolution of the disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the treatment of AA by members of two Brazilian surgical societies in this period. A common questionnaire was sent in 2020. There were 382 responses. Most surgeons had more than 15 years of profession (68.3%) and treated more than five cases per month (44.8%). About 72.5% would indicate chest CT to investigate COVID-19 in patients with AA. For those patients sustaining uncomplicated AA, without COVID-19, 60.2% would indicate laparoscopic appendectomy (VLA), followed by open appendectomy (OA) (31.7%) and non-operative management (NOM) (1.3%). For those with mild COVID-19, OA was suggested by 51.0%, followed by VLA (29.6%) and NOM (6.0%). For those with severe COVID-19, OA was proposed by 35.3%, followed by NOM (19.9%) and VLA (18.6%). For patients with periappendiceal abscesses, without COVID-19, VLA was suggested by 54.2%, followed by OA (33.2%) and NOM (4.4%). For those with mild COVID-19, OA was proposed in 49.5%, followed by VLA (29.3%) and NOM (8.9%). In those with severe COVID-19, OA was proposed in 36.6%, followed by NOM (25.1%) and VLA (17.3%). This information, based on two recognized Brazilian surgical societies, can help the surgeon to select the best approach individually.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a reproducible training program model covering the steps of the extended totally extraperitoneal approach (e-tep) technique for correction of ventral or incisional hernia repair. Methods: Training sessions with surgeons in the laboratory using both porcine specimens and a new ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) model simulating the operative steps of the e-tep technique. Students were interviewed and asked to answer a questionnaire pre and post the sessions to assess their performance and evaluated the course and model. Results: A total of 25 trained abdominal wall surgeons was evaluated at the end of the course. It was obtained a 100% satisfaction score of the training, as well as increased confidence levels up to 9 and 10 in all technical aspects of the surgery, having 96% of the surgeons performed a surgery under supervision of the proctors after the course. Conclusions: This training model is simple, effective, low cost, and replicable in guidance on the beginning of e-tep technique adoption, and performance. As a result, surgeons can get more confident and more able to perform surgeries employing this technique.

ABSTRACT: The objective evaluate was the influence of prolonged tooth bleaching with 10 % carbamide peroxide (10CP) on tooth enamel mass variation. Ten healthy bovine incisor teeth were divided (n = 5) into G1 - storage in distilled water and G2 - storage in artificial saliva. The samples were weighed in an electronic analytical balance at the following times: T0 - before application of the bleaching gel, T1 - after 14 days of bleaching (the time recommended by the manufacturer), T2 - after 21 days of bleaching (50 % increase in the time recommended by the manufacturer), and T3 - after 28 days of bleaching (100 % increase in the time recommended by the manufacturer). The data were subjected to ANOVA for related samples (p = 0.05). The highest mean was observed in G2 (0.5982 g) and the lowest mean was observed in G1 (0.3074 g) at T2 and T3, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the groups at all times. Overall, 10CP caused variation in the enamel mass after a 100 % increase in the use time recommended by the manufacturer, with a decrease in mass when distilled water was used as the storage medium and an increase when artificial saliva was used.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue investigar la influencia del blanqueamiento dental prolongado con peróxido de carbamida al 10 % (10CP) sobre la variación de masa del esmalte dental. Las muestras se dividieron en dos grupos: G1, diez dientes sanos de los incisivos bovinos (n = 5) en agua destilada, y G2, almacenamiento en saliva artificial. Las muestras se midieron en una escala analítica electrónica de precisión en los siguientes tiempos: T0-antes de la aplicación del gel blanqueador, T1-después de 14 días de blanqueo (el tiempo recomendado por el fabricante), T2-después de 21 días de blanqueo (aumento de 50 % en el tiempo recomendado por el fabricante), y T3-después de 28 días de blanqueo (aumento de 100 % en el tiempo recomendado por el fabricante). Los datos se presentaron al ANOVA para las muestras relacionadas (P = 0,5). La media más alta se observó en G2 (0,5982 g) y la media más baja se observó en G1 (0,3074 g) en T2 y T3, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en todo momento. En general, la 10 CP causó variación en la masa del esmalte después de un aumento de 100 % en el tiempo de uso recomendado por el fabricante, con una disminución en la masa cuando el agua destilada se utilizó como medio de almacenamiento y aumentó cuando se usó saliva artificial.

Resumo O desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares de origem aterosclerótica está relacionado com severo processo inflamatório. Neutrófilos e linfócitos são células sensíveis a esse tipo de distúrbio, e sua relação, conhecida como NLR (do inglês neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) vem se mostrando útil na clínica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar a NLR como risco para desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Por meio de revisões literárias nas bases de dados PubMed, abrangendo artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2017, constatou-se que a NLR realmente é um marcador útil para doenças cardiovasculares. Adotar a verificação da NLR em pacientes com risco cardiovascular seria ferramenta útil para traçar o prognóstico dos pacientes portadores desse padrão de doença.

Abstract The development of cardiovascular diseases with atherosclerotic origin is associated with a severe inflammatory process. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are cells sensitive to this type of disorder and their ratio, known as the NLR (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio), has shown to be useful in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the role of NLR in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. We carried out a literature review in the PubMed databases searching for articles published between 2001 to 2017 and found that NLR is in fact a useful marker for cardiovascular disease. Using NLR in patients at cardiovascular risk would be useful to delineate the prognosis of patients with this disease pattern.

RESUMO Racional: A diástase dos músculos retos abdominais (DMRA) é frequente e pode estar associada à presença de hérnias da parede abdominal. Para pacientes com excesso de pele, a dermolipectomia e plicatura da diástase é o procedimento mais comumente utilizado. Entretanto, há um grupo significativo de pacientes que não necessitam ressecção de pele ou não desejam grandes incisões. Objetivo: Descrever uma “nova” técnica (Subcutaneous Onlay Laparoscopic Approach - SCOLA) para a correção das hérnias ventrais combinada à plicatura da DMRA e relatar os resultados iniciais. Métodos: A técnica SCOLA de correção de hérnia ventral concomitante com a plicatura da DMRA por técnica endoscópica pré-aponeurótica foi aplicada em quarenta e oito pacientes. Resultados: O tempo operatório médio foi de 93,5 min. Não houve nenhuma complicação intra-operatória e nenhuma conversão. Seroma foi a complicação mais frequente (n=13, 27%). Apenas um (2%) apresentou infecção de ferida operatória. Após seguimento médio de oito meses (2-19) apenas um (2%) paciente apresentou recidiva da DMRA e um (2%) retração/fibrose do tecido subcutâneo. Quarenta e cinco (93,7%) relataram estarem satisfeitos com resultado. Conclusão: A técnica SCOLA é alternativa segura, reprodutível e efetiva para pacientes com hérnia da parede abdominal associada à DMRA.

ABSTRACT Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DMRA) is frequent and may be associated with abdominal wall hernias. For patients with redudant skin, dermolipectomy and plication of the diastasis is the most commonly used procedure. However, there is a significant group of patients who do not require skin resection or do not want large incisions. Aim: To describe a “new” technique (subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach - SCOLA) for the correction of ventral hernias combined with the DMRA plication and to report the initial results of a case series. Method: SCOLA was applied in 48 patients to correct ventral hernia concomitant to plication of DMRA by pre-aponeurotic endoscopic technique. Results: The mean operative time was 93.5 min. There were no intra-operative complications and no conversion. Seroma was the most frequent complication (n=13, 27%). Only one (2%) had surgical wound infection. After a median follow-up of eight months (2-19), only one (2%) patient presented recurrence of DMRA and one (2%) subcutaneous tissue retraction/fibrosis. Forty-five (93.7%) patients reported being satisfied with outcome. Conclusion: The SCOLA technique is a safe, reproducible and effective alternative for patients with abdominal wall hernia associated with DMRA.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a presença de fístula esôfago-gástrica cervical nos pacientes submetidos a esofagectomias por câncer após reconstrução do trânsito digestivo com o estômago nas três vias: pré-esternal, retro-esternal e mediastino posterior. MÉTODO: Em um total de 180 pacientes portadores de carcinoma de células escamosas de esôfago torácico, tratados no Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu e no Hospital EMCOR, de agosto de 1968 a março de 2000, foram realizadas 97 esofagectomias e 70 (72,16%) reconstruções do trânsito digestivo. O tratamento considerado foi essencialmente cirúrgico através da esofagectomia transpleural direita e da esofagectomia transhiatal. A anastomose esôfago-gástrica cervical foi realizada inicialmente em parede anterior do estômago e depois em parede posterior. Paralelamente, foram realizados estudos experimentais em cadáveres frescos no IML (Instituto Médico Legal) de Nova Iguaçu, para avaliação das dimensões das paredes gástricas e pesquisa de suas vascularizações. RESULTADOS: A incidência de fístulas ficou reduzida a 7,69%, quando se passou usar a parede posterior do estômago. A reconstrução do trânsito digestivo foi realizada em 52,86% pela via pré-esternal, 10% pela via retro-esternal e 37,14% pelo leito esofágico. As fístulas ocorreram em 20% dos pacientes (14 casos). Na via pré-esternal ocorreram 24,43% (9 casos), na via retro-esternal 42,85% (3 casos), e mediastino posterior 7,69% (2 casos).( X2= 3,39; p= 0,18) A mortalidade operatória foi de 15,71%, sendo a insuficiência respiratória sua maior causa.((X2= 3,29; p= 0,19). A sobrevida em cinco anos foi de 13,5%. CONCLUSÕES: A esofagectomia com anastomose esôfago-gástrica cervical é o nosso método de escolha. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a execução da anastomose esôfago-gástrica cervical na parede posterior do estômago, e através do mediastino posterior.

BACKGROUND: From August 1968 to March 2000 we attended 180 patients at Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu and at Hospital EMCOR, that had squamous cell esophagus cancer. The cervical esophagus gastric fistula was studied. METHODS: The treatment was essentially surgical, through transhiatal and transpleural esophagectomy. In the reconstruction of the digestive transit three approaches were used: pre-esternal, retro-esternal and posterior mediastinum, with their positives aspects and complications. RESULTS: The number of leaks was reduced to 7,69% when the posterior gastric wall was used. The postoperative mortality was 15,71% and respiratory insufficiency was the main cause. The five-year survival rate was 13,5%. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical esophagus-gastric anastomosis was the procedure used in all cases, firstly in the anterior wall and finally in the posterior wall. The best results were obtained with cervical esophagus-gastric anastomosis in the posterior wall.